具有独特性能的纳米材料为肿瘤早期诊断和治疗带来了新机遇，展示出诱人的前景。近年来，基于纳米粒子的早期肿瘤标志物体外检测技术、活体动态多模式分子影像技术、基于纳米粒子光热转换效应的纳米显像治疗一体化技术、纳米缓释药物、纳米药物递送器件等的研究都已取得重大进展。但是，由于纳米材料对人体长期作用的影响尚不清楚，纳米治疗技术在临床的应用还面临着挑战。本文回顾肿瘤纳米诊断和治疗领域的主要研究进展，并展望该领域的发展前景，旨在推动我国肿瘤纳米诊断和治疗技术的快速发展。

Nanomaterials, endowed with unique properties, bring new chance for early diagnosis and therapy of tumors and show a bright future. In recent years, research in in vitro detection techniques of nanoparticlebased early tumor biomarkers, in vivo dynamic multimodel molecular imaging techniques, nanoscale effects of nanopartilcebased nanoimaging and treatment integrated technology, nanoscale slowrelease drugs, and nanoscale drug delivery devices has made great progress. However, the long term interaction between nanomaterials and human body still remains poorly understood, the application of nanoscale therapy technology in clinical medicine still faces new challenges. In this paper, we review the main advances of tumor nanoscale diagnosis and therapy, with the aim to improve the development of tumor nanoscale diagnosis and therapy technology in China. 

国家重点基础研究发展(973)计划资助项目（No.2005CB723400G）;国家高技术研究发展(863)计划重点项目（No. 2007AA022004）;国家自然科学基金资助项目（No. 30771075；No.30672147）