前列腺癌是西方国家男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，目前我国前列腺癌的发病率亦明显增加。前列腺和前列腺癌组织中有骨形成蛋白(bone morphogenetic proteins，BMPs)及其受体的表达。BMPs能够诱导异位成骨、细胞趋化、分化和胚胎发育。某些BMPs及其受体在前列腺癌细胞表达，可以作为前列腺癌发生、发展和预后的标志物。BMPs对前列腺癌细胞生物学行为的调控作用是多样的，与肿瘤细胞类型、分化状态和局部微环境有关。BMPs在前列腺癌进展过程中，特别是在促进前列腺癌骨转移并在成骨反应中发挥重要作用。研究BMPs与前列腺癌的关系，有助于阐明前列腺癌的发病及转移机制，为前列腺癌的治疗提供实验依据。

Prostate carcinoma (PC) is one of the most common male malignancies in Western countries, and recently the morbidity of PC have greatly increased in China. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors (BMPRs) are expressed in prostate and PC tissues. BMPs can induce ectopic bone formation, cell chemotaxis, cell differentiation and embryogenesis. Some BMPs and BMPRs are expressed on PC cells and can be used as the prognostic markers for the development, progression and prognosis of PC. BMPs modulate the biological behaviors of PC cells in a diverse manner, depending on the cell type, cell differentiation state and local microenvironment. BMPs also play important roles in the progression of PC, especially in promoting PC metastasis to bone, accompanied by a strong osteoblastic reaction. Study on the relationship between BMPs and PC can help to explain the development and metastasis of PC, and provide a theoretical basis for PC therapy.