MicroRNA（miRNA）是机体调控基因转录后沉默的重要分子，参与免疫细胞发育和炎症等多种生理病理过程，其中重要的miRNA有miR-155、miR-17～92、miR-146a、miR-150和miR-181a等。miR-155与T、B细胞的分化以及B细胞抗体类别转换密切相关，miR-17～92参与B细胞发育，miR-150负向调控B细胞发育和炎症反应，miR-181a参与T细胞发育，miR-146a负向调控炎症反应。研究miRNA的免疫调控作用及其机制，将推动免疫学的理论研究及其在免疫相关疾病防治中的应用。

MicroRNA (miRNA), an important post-transcriptional regulator, is involved in a variety of physical and pathological processes, including the development of immune cells and inflammation response. Among them, miR-155, miR-17～92, miR-146a, miR-150, and miR-181a are extremely important. MiR-155 is an essential regulator for T and B cell differentiation and antibody class switch of B cells, miR-17～92 is associated with the development of B cells, miR-150 negatively regulates the development of B cells and inflammation response, miR-181a participates in the development of T cells, and miR-146a is a negative regulator of inflammatory response. Further understanding of the regulatory function of miRNA on immune cells and their mechanisms will promote immunology research and its application in the prevention and treatment of immuno-related diseases.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.30770997，No.30772017，No.30972730）；上海市科委基金资助项目（No.09JC1405400，No.08QH14001）