肿瘤干细胞（cancer stem cell，CSC）是肿瘤发生和转移的种子细胞，CSC具有自我更新、增殖和不完全分化的能力。CSC对化疗/放疗的抵抗以及免疫逃逸成为肿瘤复发的根源，要提高肿瘤治愈率必须彻底清除CSC。认识CSC的标记特征和“干性”调节关键分子才能有效和特异地攻击CSC。免疫治疗具有抗原识别的靶向性和时空效应性，是以CSC为靶的治疗的基础；以单克隆抗体和致敏的免疫细胞为主要治疗技术的免疫治疗清除CSC具有可实践性和挑战性。

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with self-renewal, proliferation and defective differentiation capacities are the seeds leading to tumor occurrence and metastasis. Due to chemo-resistance, radio-resistance and immuno-resistance, CSC is responsible for tumor relapse. It is pivotal to eliminate CSC so as to improve outcome of tumor therapy. Recognizing surface biomarkers and stemness-related essential molecules of CSC is favorable for attacking CSC efficiently and distinctively. Immunotherapy with characteristics of tumor antigen recognition and spatial and temporal dependent reactive effects lays the foundation of targeting CSC. It is practical and challenging to eliminate CSC through immunotherapy mainly relying on monoclonal antibody and sensitized-immune cells.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.30973454）