探讨从中药木鳖子中提取的单体化合物对羟基桂皮醛（p-hydroxylcinnamaldehyde，PHD）对小鼠黑素瘤B16细胞分化的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法: 以10、20、40 μmol/L PHD作用B16细胞，设空白对照及福司克林（Forskelin）阳性对照组。磺酰罗丹明（suphrhodamineB，SRB）法检测PHD对B16细胞生长的抑制率，平板克隆集落形成实验检测细胞的克隆形成能力，Giemsa 染色观察细胞形态，比色法检测细胞中黑色素含量和酪氨酸酶（tyrosinase，Tyr）活性，划痕愈合实验检测细胞的迁移能力，Western blotting检测Tyr、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1（tyrosinase protein，Trp1）及MAPK信号转导通路中p-P38、p-JNK和p-ERK1/2的表达。结果：PHD对黑素瘤B16细胞具有明显的增殖抑制作用，10、20、40 μmol/L PHD作用B16细胞48 h后，其增殖抑制率与对照组相比明显增加[（12.78±0.87）%、（37.70±2.28）%、（42.17±4.18）% vs 0，P<0.05]，20、40 μmol/L PHD组增殖抑制率与Forskelin组相比明显增加[（37.70±2.28）%、（42.17±4.18）% vs（22.00±1.13）%，P<005]。40 μmol/L PHD处理B16细胞24、48、72 h后，B16细胞呈典型分化形态，黑色素含量及Tyr活性与对照组相比均明显增加[（0097±002）、（0.13±0.04）、（0.15±0.05）vs（0.085±0.003）；（1.11±0.31）、（1.43±0.05）、（1.67±0.49）vs (0.64±010），P<005]；细胞集落形成能力和迁移能力都明显降低（均P<0.05）。与空白对照组相比，PHD处理组细胞Tyr和Trp1的表达明显增加（P<0.05），MAPK信号通路中p-P38和p-JNK的表达水平也明显增加（P<0.05），而p-ERK活性差异则无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：PHD通过上调MAPK信号通路中p-P38和p-JNK的活性而对小鼠黑素瘤B16细胞产生明显的增殖抑制，并在形态和功能上诱导黑素瘤细胞的分化。

To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of p-hydroxylcinnamaldehyde (PHD) isolated from the cochinchina momordica seed on the differentiation, proliferation and metastasis of mouse melanoma B16 cells in vitro. Methods: B16 cells were treated with PHD. At the designated time points after treatment, proliferation inhibition was assessed by the Suphrhodamine B assay, colony formation by plate colony assay, morphological changes by Giemsa staining, melanin content and tyrosinase activity by colorimetric analysis, metastasis by wound healing assays, and protein levels of Tyr, Trp1, t-proteins, p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 by Western blotting. Results: PHD inhibited B16 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The inhibition rate at 20 μmol/L (37.70±2.28%), 40 μmol/L (42.17±4.18%) was even higher as compared with forskelin treatment (22.00±1.13%, P<0.05). B16 cells treated with PHD at 40 μmol/L for 24, 48, 72 h showed a dendrite-like morphology, indicative of differentiation. PHD (10 to 40 μmol/L) significantly increased melanin amount at 24 h (0.097±0.02), 48 h (0.13±0.04), and 48 h (0.15±005) as compared with non-treatment control (0.085±0.003, P<0.05) and tryosinase activity at 12 h (1.11±031), 24 h (1.43±0.05), and 48 h (1.67±0.49) as compared with control (0.64±0.10, P<0.05). PHD treatment effectively attenuated metastasis (P<0.05) and remarkably reduced colony-forming capacity (P<0.05) in B16 cells. Moreover, PHD significantly increased the protein content of Tyr, Trp1 and enhanced phosphorylation of P38 and but not ERK. Conclusion: P-hydroxylcinnamaldehyde may inhibit melanoma growth and metastasis, possibly through activating P38 and JNK signaling pathways.

河北省卫生厅医学科学研究重点课题项目基金资助（No. 20120120）