脑胶质瘤是最常见的中枢神经系统原发性肿瘤，由于存在血脑屏障及其独特的组织器官区域免疫特性，对脑组织免疫微环境与疾病发生发展的相关性研究显得尤为重要。本文将聚焦于生理与病理状态下脑局部免疫微环境的改变，通过对脑胶质瘤局部的各类免疫细胞、免疫分子的作用及机制的介绍，阐明脑胶质瘤局部免疫微环境的抑制效应促进了肿瘤的生长；通过对脑胶质瘤局部免疫微环境的调控和干预，期望改善或逆转上述负性作用，为脑胶质瘤的免疫及综合治疗提供依据。

Glioma is one of the most common primary tumors in the central nervous system. Given the presence and unique immune characteristics of the blood-brain barrier, investigations of the relationship between the immune microenvironment of the brain and glioma development are particularly important. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the research on: (1) changes in the immune microenvironment in physiological and pathological states of the brain, (2) the function of various immune cells and immune molecules in the local microenvironment of glioma, (3) the relationship between local immunosuppression and glioma growth, and (4) the regulation and intervention of the glioma immune microenvironment in light of potential treatment of glioma. The aim of this paper is to review these advances.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（No. 91229110，No. 81273215）；上海市科委重点项目（No.13JC1407700）