作为固有免疫中重要的效应细胞，NK细胞具有强大的抗肿瘤功能，在肿瘤免疫治疗方面具有良好的应用前景。随着嵌合抗原受体（chimeric antigen receptor, CAR）修饰的T细胞（CAR-T）技术的兴起，NK细胞的CAR修饰潜力也受到了关注。CAR-NK的研发既传承了经典CAR-T研发的思路，也实现了诸多基于NK细胞生物特点的创新和发展。外周血NK细胞、NK细胞系和干细胞来源的NK细胞各具生物学特色，在CAR-NK研发中被广泛使用。已有靶向多种血液肿瘤和实体瘤抗原的CAR-NK在体外实验和动物模型中取得显著效果。虽然在临床暂未有数据支持CAR-NK的疗效且仍存在一些瓶颈问题需要攻克，但是CAR-NK有望在治疗实体瘤、简化免疫治疗等方面实现新的突破。

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that hold tremendous potential for effective immunotherapy for cancer. With the rise of CAR-T technology, potential of CAR modification in NK cells has been also concerned. The research and application of CAR-NK not only inherited some ideas of classic CAR-T, but also achieved a lot of innovations and developments based on biological characteristics of NK cells. Peripheral blood NK cells, NK cells lines and NK cells derived from stem cells exert various biological characteristics and had been widely used in the researches and developments of CAR-NK. A lot of remarkable results have been obtained in the preclinical tests and animal experiments of CAR-NK targeting to hematologic and solid tumors. CAR-NK could make a novel breakthrough in treatment of solid tumor and simplification of imunotherapy, although there is no clinical data supporting the efficacy of CAR-NK till now and some bottleneck problems still need to be overcome.

国家科技重大专项基金资助项目（No.2012ZX10002006-001-004，No.2012ZX10002014-002)；国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）资助项目（No.2012AA020902）; 国家自然科学基金面上项目（No.31570873）