肠道菌群在调控宿主的生长、发育、营养代谢以及免疫稳态方面具有重要的作用。近年来研究发现，肿瘤患者，特别是结直肠癌患者的肠道菌群多呈现失调的状态，而肠道菌群失调能够通过影响肠道代谢、肠道稳态以及肠道免疫等方面促进或者抑制肿瘤的发生发展。目前，通过干预肠道菌群来进行肿瘤治疗的临床实践已经显示出了良好的疗效和巨大的潜能。本文主要论述肠道菌群在肿瘤发生发展进程中的作用及其机制，以及目前利用肠道菌群治疗肿瘤的相关临床研究进展。

Intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in regulating growth, development, nutrition and energy metabolism of a host, as well as immune homeostasis. Accumulating evidences had recently shown that the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota was frequently found in the patients with various cancers, especially with colorectal cancer. Alteration of the intestinal microbiota could improve or inhibit occurence and development of intestinal tumor through influencing metabolism, homeostasis and immune function of intestine. Currently, clinical practice of cancer therapy by intervene of the microbiota had shown good curative effects and a great potential. This review aims to discuss role of the intestinal microbiota on occurence and development of the intestinal tumor, and its mechanism, along with current progresses of clinical researches on treatment of the intestinal cancer with the intestinal microbiota.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（No. 81571556，81273268，81500145）; 江苏省自然科学基金青年项目（No. BK201500352）; 中国博士后科学基金资助项目（No. 7131702415）