以程序性死亡因子1（programmed death 1, PD-1）为代表的免疫检查点研究将肿瘤免疫治疗推向新的高度，其表明操纵免疫负性调控途径可以创建有效的免疫治疗方法，同时也提示肿瘤微环境在抑制或增强免疫应答中发挥重要作用。因此，剖析免疫应答与肿瘤微环境之间的相互作用机制，将有助于提供新的免疫治疗方案，并为个体化精准医疗奠定基础。本文从肿瘤微环境如何影响免疫应答的角度，总结肿瘤免疫治疗的研究进展，以期为肿瘤免疫治疗提出新的治疗策略

The studies of immune checkpoint represented by programmed death 1(PD-1) have pushed cancer im-munotherapy to a climax, which implies that modulating the negative immune regulatory pathway could create an ef-fective munotherapy strategy. Meanwhile, the tumor icroenvironment plays an important role in suppressing or enhancing immune response. Therefore, it will provide new immunotherapy strategy, and make foundation for indi-vidualized precision medicine, based on the mechanism of interation between immune response and tumor microen-vironment. This review summarized the research progress of cancer immunotherapy from the perspective of how the tumor microenvironment affects immune response, and aimed to propose a new strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.81672275），国家卫计委重大疾病防治科技行动计划资助项目（No. 2016ZX-07-002）