基于成簇规律间隔短回文重复系统(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated system, CRISPR-Cas)的基因编辑技术是一种新兴的基因编辑技术, 它能精准完成外源DNA的识别与编辑，为基因工程提供了革命性的分子工具。CRIPSR-Cas 基因编辑技术具有操作简便、易于设计等特点，将其运用于泌尿系统肿瘤研究中，可为泌尿系肿瘤相关基因的功能学研究提供新方法，进而更好地服务临床诊疗。本文将对CRISPRCas基因编辑技术分子结构与工作原理、在泌尿系肿瘤研究中的应用现状、最新进展及存在的问题进行综述。

The recent development of CRISPR-Cas systems (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated system) as easily accessible and programmable tools for genome editing and regulation is spurring a revolution in biology.Experimental approaches based on this versatile technology have the potential to transform the field of cancer genetics. Here, we review current approaches for functional studies of urological cancer genes that are based on CRISPRCas systems, with emphasis on both advanced basic and translational urological research.

国家重大研发计划精准医疗专项基金项目（No.2016YFC0902200)