[摘要] 嵌合型抗原受体修饰T (chimeric antigen receptor modified T，CAR-T)细胞疗法是肿瘤免疫治疗的重要手段之一，CAR-T细胞的靶向性、杀伤活性、增殖性和持久性较常规T细胞明显提高，并且经过不断的改进演变，其在血液系统肿瘤治疗中取得了巨大的成效，受到广泛的关注。然而，其治疗过程中出现的神经毒性，也称CAR-T细胞相关脑病综合征(CAR-T cell relevant encephalopathy syndrome，CRES)，影响了CAR-T疗法的临床应用。探索CRES的发病机制及其高风险因素、寻找相应的处理策略，对预防和治疗CRES具有重要意义。本文以CD19-CAR-T 细胞治疗为例，就CRES的发病症状、发病机制、高风险因素及应对策略作一综述，为临床治疗提供参考。

[Abstract] Chimeric antigen receptor modified T (CAR-T) cell therapy is one of the important methods of tumor immunotherapy. The targeting, killing, proliferation and persistence of CAR-T cells are significantly enhanced than that of conventional T cells. After continuous improvement and evolution, CAR-T cell treatment has achieved excellent progress in hematological tumors and has received extensive attention. However, neurotoxicity arising from the treatment, also known as CAR-T cell relevant encephalopathy syndrome (CRES), has affected its clinical application. Exploring the pathogenesis of CRES and high-risk factors, and finding appropriate strategies is therefore critical for the prevention and treatment of CRES. Here, we take CD19-CAR-T cell treatment as example to review the symptoms and pathogenesis of CRES, discuss high-risk factors as well as coping strategies, in an effort to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

国家重点研发资助项目(No. 2018YFC1313400)；国家科技支撑计划资助项目(No. 2015BAI12B12)；国家自然科学基金海外及港澳学者合作研究基金项目(No.31729001)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.31570877，31570908)；江苏省重点研发计划专项资金项目(No.BE2018645)