[摘要] 纳米抗体（Nb）最早发现于羊驼的外周血液中，与传统抗体相比，Nb具有体积小、稳定性好、免疫原性低、组织渗透性强、易于通过基因工程生产等特点，是目前已知最小的功能性抗原特异性结合片段，因此Nb近年来被认为是一种极具开发价值的蛋白质，在基础研究、新药研发、疾病治疗等多个领域得到了广泛的应用。本文重点综述Nb的结构特点和生化特性、在肿瘤诊断和治疗等领域的研究进展，同时预测Nb的应用前景。

[Abstract] Nano-antibodies (Nbs) were first discovered in the peripheral blood of alpacas. Compared with traditional antibodies, Nbs have the characteristics of small volume, good stability, strong tissue permeability, and easy production through microbial systems, etc.They are currently the smallest known functional antigen-specific binding fragments. Therefore, Nbs have been considered as valuable proteins in recent years and widely used in many fields, such as basic research, new drug development, disease treatment and so on.This article reviews the structural and biochemical properties of Nbs and the research progress on Nbs in the fields of tumor diagnosis and treatment, as well as their application prospect.

国家十二五“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(No. 2013ZX09103003-002)；国家“十一五”重大新药创制科技重大专项子课题（No.2009ZX09503-010）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（No. 30771103，No. 81172792，No. 81101605，No. 81573467）