随着新技术的发展以及研究模式的创新，肿瘤免疫的研究迎来了飞速发展，肿瘤免疫治疗也取得了令人瞩目的临床疗效，共同推动了肿瘤免疫学从机制研究到临床转化、从单一学科到多学科融合的整体提升。然而，肿瘤免疫学研究依然面临着诸多挑战，如临床肿瘤的动物模型复制、肿瘤内在调控的复杂性及其与宿主微环境的关系、免疫治疗靶点的筛选及疗效预测，这些问题限制了肿瘤免疫的深入发展及进一步应用，但也给基础与临床免疫学研究者带来了新的研究机遇。因此，本文从研究模式的转变、研究机制的创新、研究方向的拓展、治疗靶点的筛选与评估、研究技术的革新与应用等五个方面，总结并展望了肿瘤免疫与免疫治疗的研究现状及面临的挑战。

With the development of new technology and the innovation of research mode, tumor immunological research has achieved rapid development, and tumor immunotherapy has also shown remarkable clinical efficacy, jointly promoting the improvement of tumor immunology from mechanism research to clinical transformation and from single discipline to multi-disciplinary integration. However,multiple challenges still exist in tumor immunological research, such as the animal model replication for clinical tumor study, the complexity of tumor intrinsic regulation and its relationship with host microenvironment, and the screening of immunotherapy targets and the prediction of treatment effect. These problems limit the further development and application of tumor immunology, but also bring research opportunities to basic and clinical immunology researchers. Therefore, this review summarizes the research status and challenges as well as looks into the future of tumor immunity and immunotherapy in five aspects: the change of research model,the innovation of mechanism, the exploration of research objects, the screening and evaluation of therapeutic targets, as well as the application and innovation of new technologies.

国家科技重大专项课题资助项目（No.2017ZX10203206-002）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.81972683）；上海市青年科技启明星计 划 资 助 项 目（No. 19QA1411300）