嵌合抗原受体修饰的T（chimeric antigen receptor-modified T，CAR-T）细胞是指通过基因修饰技术将带有特异性抗原 识别结构域及T细胞激活信号的遗传物质转入T细胞并表达，使T细胞能直接与肿瘤细胞表面的特异性抗原相结合而被激活的 细胞疗法。近年来，CAR-T细胞在血液病治疗中取得了显著的效果，为血液肿瘤患者带来了新的希望，已成为最有希望的肿瘤免 疫治疗方法之一，成为各大企业研发的热点。但是由于CAR-T细胞疗法会产生细胞因子风暴等不良反应及对实体瘤的治疗效果 不佳，使得CAR-T细胞的临床应用仍面临挑战。除T细胞之外，研究人员正在探讨将CAR运用到其他免疫细胞上，例如对NK细 胞、γδT细胞、NKT细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞进行修饰，以提高这些免疫细胞杀伤肿瘤的效果，同时降低CAR-T细胞免疫治疗所 带来的不良反应。本文通过比较CAR修饰不同的免疫细胞在肿瘤治疗中的优点和缺点，为CAR修饰免疫细胞在肿瘤免疫治疗 中的临床开发和应用提供新的思路和启示。

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T cells) refers to the products after transferring genetic material with specific antigen recognition domain and T cell activation signal domains into T cells by gene modification technology, thus rendering the modified T cells activated by binding directly to specific antigens on the surface of tumor cells in the CAR-T cell therapy. In recent years, CAR-T cells have achieved remarkable results in the treatment of hematological diseases, bringing new hope to patients with hematological tumors. CAR-T cell therapy has become one of the most promising tumor immunotherapies, and CAR-T cells have become a hot spot for research and development by major companies. However, due to the side effects such as cytokine storm and poor treatment effect on solid tumors, the clinical application of CAR-T cells still faces challenges. In addition to traditional T cells, other immune cells are being explored for the application of CAR, for example, modifying immune cells such as NK cells, γδT cells, NKT cells, and macrophages to improve the effectiveness of these immune cells in killing tumors, and simultaneously reduce the adverse reactions caused by CAR-T cell immunotherapy. This review compares the advantages and disadvantages of different CAR[1]modified immune cells in tumor therapy and provides new ideas and enlightenments for the clinical development and application of CAR-modified immune cells in tumor immunotherapy.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.81771686）；山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）资助项目（No.2019JZZY021013）