近年来，肿瘤免疫治疗技术的发展为拓宽精准肿瘤医学领域做出了巨大贡献。免疫微环境是影响免疫治疗效果的重 要因素，其在肿瘤进展和动员抗肿瘤免疫方面都有不可忽视的作用。针对肿瘤免疫微环境的免疫性放疗、免疫检查点抑制剂、肿 瘤疫苗和免疫细胞治疗等手段已在临床研究中取得了很多成果，但其临床疗效仍有待提高。本文在介绍肿瘤免疫微环境的组成 和特征的基础上，从临床应用的角度阐述针对目前靶向肿瘤免疫微环境的治疗手段可行的优化策略。

In recent years, the development of tumor immunotherapy technology has made great contributions to broadening the field of precision tumor medicine. The immune microenvironment, which is an important factor that affects the treatment efficacy of immunotherapy, plays an indispensable role in tumor progression and mobilization of anti-tumor immunity. Immunity radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, immune cell therapy, and other methods for the tumor immune microenvironment have achieved many results in clinical research, but their clinical efficacy still needs to be improved. This review introduces the composition and characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment and expound the feasible optimization strategies for the current treatments targeting the immune microenvironment from the perspective of clinical application.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.81930080）