随着纳米递送系统（NDS）研发的快速发展和对于细胞焦亡机制的深入认识，将两者巧妙结合而形成的肿瘤治疗新策略已经在部分肿瘤的实验性治疗中取得一定效果。基于NDS的药物诱导肿瘤细胞焦亡的策略，能够克服单独使用小分子焦亡诱导剂的缺陷，如体内清除快、全身不良反应严重及肿瘤靶向能力弱等。现已有脂质体、水凝胶、聚合物胶束、金属-有机框架（MOF）和仿生细胞膜的纳米载体等多种NDS被用于构建诱导肿瘤细胞焦亡的纳米药物复合体。在此基础上，目前已发展了多种基于NDS药物诱导肿瘤细胞焦亡的策略，包括靶向肿瘤干细胞、干扰离子稳态、促进ROS产生、诱导表观遗传学改变及递送gasdermin（GSDM）家族蛋白等。然而，这些策略要应用于临床治疗，还面临对纳米生物相互作用机制认知不够等问题。未来研究中，在全面了解纳米材料与生物系统的相互作用的基础上，如能开发新型、安全的NDS并结合有效的焦亡诱导剂，靶向诱导肿瘤细胞焦亡从而克服凋亡逃逸及多药耐药，则有望为肿瘤患者带来福音。

With the rapid development of nano delivery systems (NDSs) and in-depth understanding of the mechanism of cell pyroptosis, a new tumor treatment strategy formed by an ingenious combination of the two has achieved certain effects in the experimental treatment of some tumors. The strategy of inducing pyroptosis of tumor cells based on NDSs can overcome the defects of using small molecule pyroptosis inducers alone, such as fast elimination in vivo, systemic serious adverse reactions and weak tumor-targeting ability. A variety of NDSs, such as liposomes, hydrogels, polymer micelles, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and cell membrane biomimetic nanocarriers, have been used to construct drugs that induce tumor cell pyroptosis. On this basis, a variety of strategies based on NDSs drug-induced tumor cell have been developed, including targeting tumor stem cells, interfering with ion homeostasis, promoting ROS production, inducing epigenetic changes and delivery of gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins, etc. However, to apply these strategies clinically we still faced insufficient understanding of the interaction mechanisms between nanomaterials and biological systems. In future researches, based on a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between nanomaterials and biological systems, if we can develop new and safe NDSs, combined with effective pyroptosis inducers to target and induce tumor cell pyroptosis, so as to overcome apoptosis escape and multidrug resistance, it is expected to bring good news to tumor patients.

R730.5；R945

国家自然科学基金资助项目（No. 82102206）；湖北省自然科学基金青年项目资助（No. 2020CFB371）