近年来，肿瘤新抗原掀开了个体化免疫治疗的新篇章，作为基于新抗原个体化免疫治疗的重要组成部分，新抗原特异 性T细胞的过继输注（ACT）疗法备受瞩目。本文将首先从新抗原特异性T细胞ACT治疗应用策略及临床应用现状介绍新抗原 特异性T细胞ACT治疗这一新兴的精准免疫治疗的发展现状，然后从新抗原的预测、新抗原特异性T细胞筛选及扩增等方面系 统地总结新抗原T细胞ACT治疗所面临的阻碍和挑战，最后从优化新抗原预测、增加新抗原特异性T细胞数量和多样性、防止新 抗原特异性T细胞过度分化或死亡、缩短生产周期和减少生产成本及探索联合治疗方式等五个方面对该领域的未来发展机遇和 研究方向进行重点阐述。

In recent years, neoantigens have started a new chapter of individualized immunotherapy. As an important component of neoantigen-based individualized immunotherapy, neoantigen-specific T-cell adoptive transfer (ACT) has attracted much attention. This paper will first introduce the current development of neoantigen-specific T-cell ACT therapy, an emerging precision immunotherapy, in terms of application strategies and current clinical applications of neoantigen-specific T-cell ACT therapy. Then, the obstacles and challenges faced by neoantigen-specific T-cell ACT therapy will be systematically summarized in terms of neoantigen prediction, neoantigen-specific T-cell screening, and expansion. Finally, future development opportunities and research directions will be highlighted in five aspects, including optimizing neoantigen prediction, increasing the number and diversity of neoantigen-specific T cells, and preventing excessive differentiation or death of neoantigen-specific T cells, shortening the production cycle and reducing production cost, and exploring combination therapy modalities.

国家自然科学基金面上项目资助（No.82073366）；中国医学科学院临床与转化医学研究基金（No.2020-I2M-C&T-B-096）