减毒沙门菌对实体瘤具有广谱的肿瘤靶向特异性，其可通过激活机体抗肿瘤免疫应答改善肿瘤免疫微环境，从而抑 制肿瘤的发展；高度的肿瘤靶向特异性使得减毒沙门菌可作为理想的抗癌药物与影像探针的表达和递送载体，实现肿瘤诊疗一 体化。减毒沙门菌在基础或临床领域已有着广泛的研究与应用，展现了良好的应用前景，未来可期。对减毒沙门菌的抗肿瘤机 制、应用现状及目前所存在的问题展开分析，探讨如何通过遗传工程技术对减毒菌的安全性、靶向性和抗癌效果等方面进行提 升，将促进减毒沙门菌的转化应用，实现免疫学、生物技术等多学科的交叉融合，有望为临床肿瘤生物治疗提供新的研究方向。

Attenuated Salmonella has shown broad tumor targeting specificity against solid tumors. By activating host antitumor response and modifying tumor immune microenvironment, attenuated Salmonella can suppress tumor development. Meanwhile, the high tumor targeting specificity enables the attenuated Salmonella to be used as the ideal expression and delivery vector for therapeutic drugs and imaging probes, realizing the integration of tumor diagnosis and treatment. Attenuated Salmonella has been widely studied and applied in basic and clinical fields, showing good application prospects and promising future. In this article, we will first investigate the attenuated Salmonella-related antitumor mechanism, application status, current problems and challenges and then explore how to improve its biosafety, tumor targeting specificity, and antitumor efficacy by using genetic biotechnology, thus to promote the translational application of attenuated Salmonella and realize the cross-integration of immunology, biotechnology and other disciplines, which may provide a new strategy and direction for future clinical tumor biotherapy.

湖南省自然科学基金资助项目（No. 2020JJ5094）