目的：回顾分析真实世界多原发癌（MPC）的临床病理特征及传统治疗联合生物治疗诊疗策略，以期提高对MPC的 诊治水平。方法：选取南京市第一医院肿瘤科及江苏省中医院普外科2016年1月2021年12月间收治的肿瘤患者的临床资料进 行回顾性分析，所有患者经病理学检查确诊为恶性肿瘤，就MPC的发病率、病理特征、临床治疗及预后进行归纳分析。结果：总 计收治2 550例恶性肿瘤患者中，筛选出MPC 24例，MPC的总体发生率为0.94%（24/2 550）；其中双重癌发生率为0.86%（22/2 550）、三重癌发生率为0.08%（2/2 550）。第二原发癌发病间隔时间在3年以内者有15例（占62.5%，15/24），在5年以内者有18例 （占75%，18/24），最长间隔时间为30年。首发癌和第二原发癌均以消化系统肿瘤最常见，其次是呼吸系统肿瘤。经外科手术或 放、化疗后的3年生存率为58.3%（14/24）、5年生存率为45.8%（11/24）。结论：通过对MPC 临床病例特征及传统治疗联合生物治 疗诊疗策略的探讨，做到早期诊断（避免误漏诊），延长患者生存期、改善患者生活质量。

Objective: To review the clinicopathological features of real-world multiple primary cancers (MPCs) and their traditional combine with biological treatment strategies, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of MPCs. Methods: The clinical data of tumor patients admitted to the Department of Oncology of Nanjing First Hospital and the General Surgery Department of Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were diagnosed as malignant tumors after pathological examination, and the incidence, pathological characteristics, clinical treatment and prognosis of MPCs were summarized and analyzed. Results: Among the 2 550 patients with malignancy, there were 24 patients with MPCs, with an overall incidence of 0.94% (24/2 550); specifically, the incidence of double cancer was 0.86% (22/2 550) and the incidence of triple cancer was 0.08% (2/2 550). There were 15 cases (62.5%, 15/24) having the second primary cancer within 3 years and 18 cases (75%, 18/24) within 5 years, with a maximum interval of 30 years. Digestive tumors are the most common ones in both the first and second primary cancers, followed by respiratory tumors. The 3- and 5- year survival rates after surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy was 58.3% (14/24) and 45.8% (11/24), respectively. Conclusion: By improving the understanding of the clinicopathological features and the traditional combined with biological treatment strategies of MPCs, we can achieve early diagnosis and treatment (avoid missed diagnosis) of MPCs to prolong the survival of patients and improve their quality of life.

香港大学国际多中心临床研究横向项目资助（No. UW14-206）