肠道微生物是存在于人体内的庞大生态系统，它与机体形成一个相互关联的共存体。近年来得益于分子生物技术的 蓬勃发展，肠道微生物组学研究表明，肠道微生物在很大程度上左右了肿瘤的发生与发展，除了微生物本身的直接作用之外，由 它们引起的宿主炎症免疫系统、代谢功能方面的改变也间接发挥了重要作用，而这些变化对于后续抗肿瘤治疗也产生一定影响。 基于肠道微生物的重要作用，在此基础上开发出来的微生态制剂在抗肿瘤治疗中的临床应用价值也逐渐显现，可为今后的抗肿 瘤治疗提供辅助作用。本文从肠道微生物的地位、肠道微生物影响肿瘤发展的机制和对抗肿瘤治疗的影响，以及肠道微生物的 临床应用等四个方面展开论述，为基于肠道微生物的抗肿瘤制剂技术的研发和临床应用提供新的思路和启示。

Gut microbiota, a vast ecosystem in the human body, form an interconnected coexisting relationship with the organism. Thanks to the flourishing development of molecular biotechnology, recent gut microbiomics studies have shown that to a large extent, gut microorganisms influence the occurrence and development of tumors. In addition to the direct role of the microorganisms themselves, they also play a significant part in causing changes in the host's inflammatory immune system and metabolic functions, and these changes also have a certain impact on the subsequent antitumor therapy. Due to the importance of gut microorganisms, the value of microecological agents developed on this basis for clinical application in tumor patients is becoming more and more apparent, and these microecological agents may be complementary to future antitumor therapy. In this paper, we demonstrate the role of gut microorganisms on malignant tumors from four aspects, including the status of gut microorganisms, the mechanism of gut microorganism-related tumor development, the impact on antitumor therapy and the biotherapies based on gut microorganisms, and provide new ideas and insights for the development and application of subsequent clinical treatment models.

国家重点研发计划项目（No.2016YFC1303804）；吉林省卫生技术创新项目（No.2017J064）