缺氧和免疫逃逸是肿瘤的两大特征，缺氧是促进肿瘤发生免疫逃逸的重要因素。近年来的研究结果表明，缺氧诱导的长链 非编码RNA（HIL）是介导缺氧促进免疫逃逸的关键因子，是肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后评估的潜在标志物，具有较好的研究和临床转化价 值，有望成为肿瘤免疫治疗的潜在靶点。本文综述了HIL在肿瘤发生发展及预后中最新的研究进展，讨论了HIL通过诱导上皮间质转 化发生、血管生成、肿瘤干细胞形成、糖酵解、免疫细胞浸润、免疫因子释放、干扰抗原提呈机制和免疫检查点表达上调等多种机制诱导 肿瘤发生免疫逃逸，探讨双靶向HIL与免疫检查点的联合肿瘤治疗新策略的可能性及临床意义，分析了HIL领域中关于普适性和组织 特异性关键HIL及其调控肿瘤免疫机制的鉴定、HIL与肿瘤免疫治疗及疗效之间关系的明确，以及肿瘤联合治疗新策略临床转化的实 现等关键问题及可能的解决办法，为实现靶向HIL与免疫检查点的肿瘤免疫治疗策略提供了理论基础。

Hypoxia and immune escape are two main characteristics of tumors. Hypoxia is an important factor in promoting immune escape of tumors. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia induced lncRNA (HIL) is a key factor mediating hypoxia-promoted immune escape and is a potential marker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of tumors. HIL has good research and clinical transformation value and is expected to be a potential treatment target of tumor immunotherapy. In this article, we seek to summarize the latest research progress of HIL in the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors, analyze various mechanisms of HIL inducing tumor immune escape from the perspectives of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, cancer stem cell formation, glycolysis, immune cell infiltration, immune factor release, interfering with antigen presentation and up-regulation of immune checkpoint expression, and discuss the possibility and clinical significance of a new strategy of combined tumor therapy targeting HILs and immune checkpoints. Moreover, we also analyze the possible solutions to the key issues in the field of HIL, such as identification of universal and tissue-specific key HILs and their mechanism in regulating tumor immunity, clarification of the relationship between HIL and treatment efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, and realization of clinical transformation of new strategies of combined tumor therapy. This review provides a theoretical basis for the tumor treatment strategy of targeting HILs and immune checkpoints.

云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学联合专项（No. 202101AY070001-167，202201AY070001-134）；云南省人才计划“名医专项”