近年来，随着对肿瘤抗原和抗肿瘤免疫反应机制的深入认识，肿瘤治疗性疫苗发展迅速，有望成为临床肿瘤治疗的重要手段。同时，随着新抗原的筛选、疫苗设计、疫苗递送系统、佐剂等关键技术的突破，进一步加速了这一领域的发展。在产品研发方面，众多国际大型的医药企业和新兴的生物科技公司正在布局不同的肿瘤治疗性疫苗项目，多个肿瘤治疗性疫苗获批上市，但临床效果欠佳。尽管目前肿瘤治疗性疫苗大多处于临床前和临床试验阶段，但展现出了良好的临床应用前景和市场价值。本文论述了国内外肿瘤治疗性疫苗的研发现状（主要聚焦当前发展迅速的个性化新抗原疫苗、DC疫苗和mRNA疫苗），总结了目前所面临的挑战并展望了其发展前景，为未来肿瘤治疗性疫苗的研究和产品研发提供了新思路。

In recent years, with the in-depth understanding of tumor antigen and mechanism of antitumor immune response, therapeutic cancer vaccines have developed rapidly and are expected to be an important tool for clinical cancer therapy. Meanwhile, breakthroughs in key technologies, such as neo-antigen screening, vaccine design, vaccine delivery system and adjuvant, have further accelerated the development in this field. As for product research and development, many international pharmaceutical companies and emerging biotech companies are laying out various projects of therapeutic cancer vaccines, and several products have been approved for marketing, but the clinical outcomes are not ideal. Although the majority of current therapeutic cancer vaccines are in preclinical and clinical stages, they demonstrate good application prospect and market value. Present review provides an overview of therapeutic cancer vaccines from the perspective of research and development at home and abroad, mainly focusing on the currently fast-growing personalized neo-antigen vaccine, DC-based vaccine and mRNA vaccine. Meanwhile, it also summarizes the current challenges and envisions its to future development, which may provide some clues for research and product development of therapeutic cancer vaccines.

国家自然科学基金（No. 82273315）；四川省重点研发项目（No. 2022YFS0153）