恶性肿瘤组织中肿瘤相关中性粒细胞（TAN）是肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分。TAN在肿瘤中的作用具有两面性。一方面，TAN可直接杀伤肿瘤细胞，或介导其他免疫细胞协同抗肿瘤。另一方面，TAN也可促进肿瘤血管生成、重塑细胞外基质及参与肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸。以上TAN功能的异质性是其在肿瘤微环境中多种复杂机制的交互调控下形成的，对肿瘤的发展或抑制产生重要的作用。因此，阐明TAN的异质性、不同亚群转化机制及其潜在的临床意义显得尤为重要，不仅有助于开发针对促肿瘤型中性粒细胞亚群的抑制类药物和疗法，还可进一步促进免疫治疗更多获益人群的新评估标准建立和筛选。

In malignant tumor tissues, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have become a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment. The role of TANs in tumors is multifaceted. On one hand, TANs can directly kill tumor cells or mediate the collaborative anti-tumor activities of other immune cells. On the other hand, TANs can promote tumor angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling,and tumor cell immune evasion. The heterogeneity of these functions of TAN is formed under regulation by various mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment and plays an important role in tumor development or suppression, thus making it crucial to investigate the mechanisms underlying TAN heterogeneity and functional transitions in tumors and their potential clinical significance. These investigations not only help develop suppressive drugs and therapies targeting pro-tumor neutrophil subpopulations, but also further promote the establishment and screening of new evaluation standards for more immunotherapy beneficiary population groups.

国家自然科学基金青年项目（No. 82103316）；国家自然科学基金项目（No. 82071856，No. 81671579，No. 31370904）；国家重点研发计划（No. 2020YFA0113101）；上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”港澳台科技合作项目（No. 22490760400）；上海市卫健委中医药科研项目（No. 2020JP009）；上海市教育委员会曙光计划项目（No. 16SG14）