癌症的发生发展是机体对癌症的免疫编辑过程，亦即机体与肿瘤的微进化博弈过程，可分为清除、平衡和逃逸三个时相。对小鼠肿瘤和部分人类肿瘤的研究表明，以T细胞为主的获得性免疫和以固有淋巴样细胞（ILC）为主的固有免疫均参与癌症免疫编辑。ILC是十多年前发现的固有免疫系统的独特分支，属于组织驻留细胞，由多个细胞亚群组成，其性质和功能具有显著的异质性，并受到多种细胞分泌的各种因子的调节。ILC不仅参与组织稳态调节和炎症反应，而且通过多种机制参与肿瘤微环境的形成和癌症免疫编辑过程。本文探讨ILC的分类和性质以及在肿瘤中的作用和机制，为肿瘤发生发展机制和诊疗研究拓展新的思路。

The genesis and progression of cancer is a process of immunoediting that consists of 3 phases, namely elimination,equilibrium and escape phases. This process is also a microevolutionary game process between the body and the tumor. Data from mouse tumors and some human tumors shows that both T cell-based adaptive immunity and innate lymphoid cell (ILC)-based innate immunity participate in cancer immunoediting. The ILCs, which belong to tissue-resident cells and consist of multiple subsets, are a unique branch of the innate immune system discovered over a decade ago. The characteristics and functions of ILCs exhibit significant heterogeneity and are regulated by a variety of factors secreted by various kinds of cells. ILCs participate not only in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and inflammatory responses, but also, through various mechanisms, in the formation of tumor microenvironment and cancer immunoediting process. This paper studies the classification and characteristics of ILCs and their roles and mechanisms in tumors, aiming to explore new thoughts for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

国家自然科学基金（No. 82170174，No. 82070113，No. 82270122）