免疫治疗已革新肿瘤临床治疗实践，成为实体瘤治疗的核心策略之一。目前，临床上已获批的实体瘤免疫治疗策略 包括：PD-1抗体、CTLA-4抗体、双特异性抗体、TCR-T、TIL等，这些免疫治疗策略主要通过激活T细胞抗瘤免疫反应或直接补充 肿瘤反应性的T细胞发挥其抗瘤效应。然而受限于肿瘤微环境中的抑制因素，这些治疗策略的治疗效果仍不够理想。本文以肿 瘤-免疫循环理论为基础，对目前已获批的肿瘤免疫治疗策略、早期临床试验以及新兴的免疫治疗策略进行系统性综述，并对针 对T细胞及T细胞以外的细胞群体的免疫治疗的未来发展方向进行展望。

Immunotherapy has revolutionized clinical treatment of solid tumors, becoming a core strategy for the treatment of solid tumors. Currently approved immunotherapy strategies for solid tumors include PD-1 antibodies, CTLA-4 antibodies, bispecific antibodies, TCR-T cells, and TIL. These approaches primarily exert antitumor effects by activating T-cell-mediated immune responses or directly supplementing tumor-reactive T cells. However, restrained by inhibitory factors within the tumor microenvironment, the therapeutic outcomes of these strategies remain suboptimal. Based on the cancer-immunity cycle theory, this article provides a systematic review of approved immunotherapy strategies, early-stage clinical trials, and emerging immunotherapy approaches. It also offers insights into the future directions of immunotherapy targeting T cells and other cell populations beyond T cells.

国家自然科学基金项目（No.81821003；No. 82272808）