目的：探究抗程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）免疫治疗对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）恶病质患者预后的影响。方法：以2019 年1月—2021年1月在西京医院治疗的80例恶病质NSCLC患者为研究对象，用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组，对照组 给予序贯放化疗等对症治疗及营养治疗，观察组给予抗PD-1抗体免疫治疗联合治疗。比较两组临床疗效及治疗后身体状况改 善情况，并观察患者治疗前后肺功能及免疫功能情况，在患者治疗后对其生存情况进行随访，统计两组患者治疗后1年累计生存 率。结果：治疗后两组NSCLC患者的疾病控制率（DCR）及客观缓解率（ORR）对比均无明显差异（均P > 0.05）；观察组食欲评分 及 Karnofsky 评分（KPS）均高于对照组（均 P < 0.05）；治疗后观察组 CD3+ 及 CD4+ /CD8+ 淋巴细胞亚群比例明显高于对照组（均 P < 0.05），第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1 ）及FEV1/用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）比值均大于对照组（均P < 0.05）；观察组治疗后1年生存 率[62.50%（25/40）]明显高于对照组[40.00%（16/40）（] P < 0.05）。结论: 抗PD-1抗体免疫治疗可减轻NSCLC恶病质患者免疫功 能及肺功能损害，并能提高其1年生存率。

Objective: To investigate the effects of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy on the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) complicated with cachexia. Methods: A total of 80 patients with cachexia associated with NSCLC, treated at Xijing Hospital between January 2019 and January 2021, were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into two groups using a random number table: a control group and an observation group. The control group was given sequential chemoradiotherapy and other symptomatic treatments, as well as nutritional therapy. The observation group was treated with combined anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy. Clinical efficacy and improvement in physical condition were compared between the two groups. Pulmonary function and immune function in patients were observed before and after treatment. The patients were followed up for one year after treatment, and their cumulative 1-year survival rate was calculated. Results: There were no significant differences in disease control rate (DCR) and objective response rate (ORR) between the two groups of NSCLC patients (all P > 0.05). However, compared with the control group, the observation group showed significantly higher appetite score, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score, and higher proportions of CD3+ and CD4+ /CD8+ lymphocyte subsets (all P < 0.05); additionally, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) in the observation group were also higher than those in control group (all P < 0.05). At the 1-year follow-up, the survival rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (62.50% vs 40.00%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy can alleviate immune dysfunction and pulmonary function impairment in NSCLC patients with cachexia, and it significantly improves the 1-year survival rate of these patients.