[摘 要] 小细胞肺癌（SCLC）是肺癌中恶性程度最高的一种类型，其在全部肺癌病例中约占13%~15%。初治SCLC患者虽然 对化疗和放疗具有较高的敏感性，但容易复发，导致患者生存率较低。2018年以来，随着IMpower133和CASPIAN研究相继成 功，SCLC进入了免疫治疗时代，化疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂已成为广泛期SCLC的一线治疗标准方案。同时，免疫治疗在局限 期SCLC中也取得了初步成功。SCLC的免疫治疗虽然取得了一些进展，但免疫治疗整体上带来的生存获益有限，缺乏有效的预 测生物标志物，对复发/难治性SCLC缺少治疗手段，SCLC免疫治疗未来仍面临诸多挑战。本文回顾国内外SCLC免疫治疗临床 研究的最新进展，分析不同类型的免疫治疗药物、生物标志物及新型免疫治疗靶点，探讨SCLC免疫治疗的联合策略和发展前景。

[Abstract] Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 13% to 15% of all lung cancer cases. Although SCLC patients are highly responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy at their initial treatment, they are prone to relapse, leading to a low survival rate. Since 2018, with the success of the IMpower133 and CASPIAN trials, SCLC has entered the era of immunotherapy. Chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become the standard firstline treatment for extensive-stage SCLC. Meanwhile, immunotherapy has also achieved preliminary success in limited-stage SCLC. Despite some progress in SCLC immunotherapy, the overall survival benefit remains limited. There is a lack of effective predictive biomarkers, and treatment options for relapsed/refractory SCLC are scarce, posing significant challenges to the future of immunotherapy in SCLC. In this article, the latest clinical research on SCLC immunotherapy, both domestically and internationally, is reviewed, different types of immunotherapeutic agents, biomarkers, and novel immunotherapy targets are analyzed, and the combination strategies and future prospects of SCLC immunotherapy are discussed.

国家自然科学基金（No. 82372971）