[摘 要] 在癌症治疗领域，传统的治疗手段如手术、化疗和放疗虽然取得了一定的效果，但往往伴随着不良反应严重、复发率高 和对正常组织损伤严重等问题。近年来，随着生物材料科学的快速发展，肿瘤防治和器官保护一体化的生物材料逐渐成为研究的 热点。根据维度结构，这些生物材料可分为小分子药物、零维、一维、二维和三维生物材料、多维度复合材料及活性生物材料等。零 维材料如普鲁士蓝纳米酶、金纳米颗粒可实现抗肿瘤和促修复；一维生物材料纳米管可负载药物并促进创伤修复；二维生物材料如 锂皂土可构建纳米复合体系明胶-锂皂土-多柔比星（GLD），其对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力显著提高；三维生物材料如水凝胶可用于肿瘤 治疗和组织修复。零维生物材料与二维、三维生物材料形成的复合材料可长效缓释零维材料，同时发挥肿瘤防治和器官保护功能。 设计生物材料时需综合考量其优缺点，结合纳米技术和生物工程手段，实现肿瘤精确治疗与器官保护。这些材料通过整合抗肿瘤 药物与组织修复因子，旨在实现抑制肿瘤生长的同时促进受损组织的修复和再生，为肿瘤治疗提供了新的思路和方法。

[Abstract] In the field of cancer treatment, traditional therapeutic means such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have achieved certain results, but they are often associated with severe side effects, high recurrence rate and serious damage to normal tissues. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomaterials science, integrated biomaterials for tumor prevention, treatment, and organ protection have gradually become a research hotspot. According to dimensional structures, these biomaterials can be classified into small-molecule drugs, zero - dimensional, one - dimensional, two - dimensional, three - dimensional biomaterials, multi dimensional composites, and active biomaterials. Zero-dimensional biomaterials, such as Prussian blue nanozymes and gold nanoparticles, are enabled tumor suppression and tissue regeneration. One-dimensional materials, like nanotubes, facilitate drug loading and enhance wound healing. Two-dimensional biomaterials like laponite can be used to construct the nanocomposite system gelatin laponite-doxorubicin (GLD), which significantly enhances the killing ability against tumor cells. Three-dimensional biomaterials, such as hydrogels, are applicable for tumor therapy and tissue repair. Composites formed by zero - dimensional materials and two - or three - dimensional biomaterials can achieve long - term slow release of zero - dimensional biomaterials and simultaneously play the functions of tumor prevention and treatment and organ protection. When designing biomaterials, it is critical to holistically evaluate their strengths and limitations, leveraging nanotechnology and bioengineering strategies to achieve precise tumor targeting and organ preservation. By integrating anti-tumor drugs and tissue repair factors, these materials aim to achieve inhibition of tumor growth while promoting repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, providing new ideas and methods for tumor treatment.

国家自然科学基金（No. 82072051）