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Importance of monitoring therapeutic cancer vaccine-mediated immune responses in clinical settings
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Abstract:
Activation of immune cells is the first biological event after administration of a therapeutic cancer vaccine, thus serving as an indicator of success in the induction of immune response. Therefore, monitoring the activation status of immune cells is of pivotal importance in the clinical application of therapeutic cancer vaccines. Currently, a “gold standard” for monitoring cancer vaccine-mediated immune cell activation is lacking. Although several methods have been developed to measure the clinical immune response, how to improve the reproducibility and comparability of these methods remains a significant challenge and the usefulness of these methods has yet to be further evaluated in clinical studies with a large sample size. Moreover, the complexity of the immune response including inconvenient immune response, immune-related adverse effect and antigen cascade, hampers meaningful comparisons among studies. In recent years, several international working groups have established immune response monitoring standards including the minimal information about T cell assays (MIATA) proposed by an international team of academic researchers and industry experts, and the clinical considerations for therapeutic cancer vaccines developed by FDA. At present in China, inadequate attention has been paid to the clinical immune response monitoring, and the monitoring methods have not been standardized. This review aims: 1) to analyze the problems and challenges that the cancer immunotherapy monitoring in China faces; and 2) to propose how to enforce and improve the monitoring of immune responses in cancer patients after treatment with cancer vaccines through basic research and clinical trials in China.
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Project Supported:
Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) (No. 2013CB945200), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.31371520)
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