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Tumor biotherapy: A new era of melanoma treatment
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Abstract:
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5% in advanced patients who are highly resistant to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in the treatment of metastatic melanoma in the past five years with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies, small molecule compounds, adoptive cells and oncolytic viruses. To date, monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) and inhibitors against BRAF (vemurafinib and dabrafinib) or MEK (trametinib) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced melanoma patients. Moreover, a variety of autoimmune cell therapy methods such as TIL, CAR-T, and oncolytic virus T-VEC have been developed and there therapies have demonstrated clinical benefits in clinical trials. All these tumor biotherapy strategies have broken the silence of clinical research on melanoma. Although further clinical evidence needs to be generated before a wider application of biotherapy technologies in clinical settings in China, melanoma patients will eventually benefit from the integration of cellular immunology, molecular biology and cancer genetics in their fight against the disease.
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Project Supported:
Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81060185), the National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Projects of Oncology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (Awarding to Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province: 2013-2014), and the Leading Talent of Health Systems of Yunnan Province (No. L-201213)
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