The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
In recent years, the development of tumor immunotherapy technology has made great contributions to broadening the field of precision tumor medicine. The immune microenvironment, which is an important factor that affects the treatment efficacy of immunotherapy, plays an indispensable role in tumor progression and mobilization of anti-tumor immunity. Immunity radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, immune cell therapy, and other methods for the tumor immune microenvironment have achieved many results in clinical research, but their clinical efficacy still needs to be improved. This review introduces the composition and characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment and expound the feasible optimization strategies for the current treatments targeting the immune microenvironment from the perspective of clinical application.