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Archive > Volume 31 Issue 2 > 2024,31(2):121-127. DOI:10.3872/j.issn.1007-385X.2024.02.002 Prev Next
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Tertiary lymphoid structures: prognostic factors and emerging targets for tumor immunotherapy
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Abstract:
Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) refers to ectopic lymphoid tissue formed at long-term inflammatory sites in non-physiological conditions. It is a lymphocyte aggregate constructed on the fibroblast network and contains two important structural regions-the T cell region and the follicular B cell region. TLS exists in different mature states in tumors, and finally forms germinal centers. Germinal centers contain T follicular helper cells and follicular dendritic cells, and are closely related to B cells. Recent studies have identified the main features, biomarkers and detection methods of newborn TLS, further expounding the mechanism that TLSs can enhance the effect of anti-tumor immune response by stimulating related tumor antigens and regulating lymphocyte infiltration. Studies on the relevance between TLSs and clinical benefits of cancer patients show that TLSs can be used as a good prognosis and predictive factor for biotherapies including immunotherapy. Several methods to induce TLS formation are currently being developed, including the use of chemokines, cytokines, antibodies, antigen presenting cells or synthetic scaffolds. The regimen of inducing TLS neogenesis in cold tumors and hot tumors in combination with therapeutic agents for inflammatory environment suppression or immune checkpoint inhibitors, represents a new hope for cancer treatment.
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